Recent Innovations in Engineering, Science, and Technology
Editors: Dr. Goutam Kumar Das, Dr. Barnali Kundu, Dr. Ahmed J. Obaid
Presents research works in the field of Engineering, Science, and Technology
Results of 12th Inter-University Engineering, Science & Technology Academic Meet – 2022 & Innovative Model Competition For a Sustainable Society held in Guru Nanak Institute of Technology (GNIT), Kolkata, India in September 2022.
Serves as a reference for researchers and practitioners in academia and industry.
Author Name – Sima Das ,Sayantan Malick, Souvick Majumder, and Devdip Mallick
Pages : 1-5
DOI – https://doi.org/10.15864/ajac.21001
Abstract- Cardiac demise as of arrhythmia remains a prime cause of mortality in the world. Arrhythmia patient monitoring is a vital technique that gives customers all vital statistics regarding every day maneuver of a cardiovascular affected person. Arrhythmia is an irregular heartbeat; the troubles arises at the same time as the electric waves that harmonize the coronary heart's beats. The faulty signaling reasons for coronary heart to normal or abnormal beating. In this paper ECG assesses heartbeat rate, 5-50 Hz bandpass filter used for filtering, Stationary wavelet transform used for artifact removing. Age, Cp, Trestbps, Chol, Fbs, Rest ECG, Thlach, Exang, Old Peak, Slope, Thal, Sex, Target are the features extraction by Independent component analysis technique. Finally, support vector machines have been categorized the dataset as healthy or arrhythmia patient with 85% and above accuracy. The pro- posed system is design for arrhythmia disease prediction and send the result by Telegram Bot. The classification result sends to the user’s emergency numbers using Bot. The main objective of our proposed system is to monitoring lonely or paralyzed peoples in their home. The proposed work can have a notable impact on paralyzed persons, old age home, health care and as well as society.
[1] D P, Y. and D. L. N, (2021) “Early Detection of Cardiac Arrhythmia Disease using Machine Learn- ing and IoT Technologies,” 2021 2nd International Conference on Smart Electronics and Communication (ICOSEC), pp. 1658-1661, doi:10.1109/ICOSEC51865.2021.9591884. [2] Dube, D., Kumar, D. S. and Gupta, S. K. (2021) “An Empirical study of the IoT arrhythmia detection methods: Review and research gaps,” 2021 International Conference on Computer Commu- nication and Informatics (ICCCI), pp. 1-8, doi: 10.1109/ICCCI50826.2021.9402472. [3] Das, Sima & Ghosh, Lidia &Saha, Sriparna. (2020). Analyzing Gaming Effects on Cognitive Load Using Artificial Intelligent Tools. 10.1109/CONECCT50063.2020.9198662. [4] Das, Sima &Saha, Sriparna. (2022). Home Automation System Combining Internet-of-Things with Brain–Computer Interfacing. 10.1007/978-981-19-1408- 9_11. [5] Ghosh, Ahona& Das, Sima &Saha, Sriparna. (2022). Stress detection for cognitive rehabilitation in COVID-19 scenario. 10.1049/PBHE042E_ch12. [6] Alinejad, G. M., Rasoulinezhad, S. and Shamsollahi, M. B. ,(2019) “Prediction of Life-Threatening Heart Arrhythmias Using Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Characteristics,” 2019 27th Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE), pp. 1761-1764, doi: 10.1109/Irani- anCEE.2019.8786614. [7] Das, Sima & Bhattacharya, Aakashjit. (2021). ECG Assess Heartbeat rate, Classifying using BPNN while Watching Movie and send Movie Rating through Telegram. 465-474. 10.1007/978-981-15-9774-9_43. [8] Das, Sima & Das, Jaya &Modak, Subrata & Mazumdar, Kaushik. (2022). Internet of Things with Machine Learning based smart Cardiovascular disease classifier for Healthcare in Se- cure platform. [9] Izci, E. ,Ozdemir, M. A. , Sadighzadeh, R. and Akan, A.( 2018 ) “Arrhythmia Detection on ECG Sig- nals by Using Empirical Mode Decomposition,” Medical Technologies National Congress (TIPTEKNO), 2018, pp. 1-4, doi: 10.1109/TIPTEKNO.2018.8597094.
Authors Name – Raktim Dutta , Sayan Mondal , Sanghamitra Layek , Bansari Deb Majumder
Page : 6 – 8
DOI- https://doi.org/10.15864/ajac.21002
Abstract – Closed Circuit Television system (CCTV) is a very popular device, not only in office but also in home surveillance applications. As CCTV systems have blind spot, so CCTV systems cannot give 100% surveillance alone. For these problems, we need a machine or a tool that can be used for surveillance and don’t have any kind of blind spot and can be controlled manually as well as automatically using a smart phone. To overcome these problems, we make a surveillance Bot that can be controlled via smart phone. As an additional feature it can be also controlled via voice command as well as it can move automatically also by detecting obstacle. The robot hardware based on Atmega 328P contains motor servo to actuate robotic head.The Robotic movement is controlled by Nodemcu microcontroller board and is wirelessly connected to controlling person`s smartphone via inbuilt WI-FI modules of these two devices. The controller person can control the robot via a Nodemcu controller Application. The surveillance part is done by using Pi Camera Module and Raspberry Pi and the live footage can be seen remotely in any smartphone as well as in Computers.
Bot ; CCTV ; Raspberry Pi ; Surveillance.
[1] Guangming Song.Hui Wang,JunZhang,TianhuaMeng(2011,May) Automatic Docking System for Recharging Home Surveillance Robots. IEEE Trans.57(2),pp 428-435 [2] Anandravisekar. G, Anto Clinton. A, Mukesh Raj. T, Naveen. L(2018,March).IOT Based Surveillance Robot. IJERT.7(3).pp 85-87 [3] Shubham Adak, Sagar Bhosure, Priyanka Patil Dhanushree Kulkarni.(2019).IoT Based Surveillance Robot Control System.IJESC.9(4),pp 21255- 21258 [4] Pooventhan K, Achuthaperumal R,Kowshik S,Manoj Balajee C R.(2015,February)Surveillance Robot Using Multi Sensor Network.IJIREEICE.3(2),pp113-115 [5] Pavan S M ,Mahaan K N ,Rashmi C ,Vivek poojari ,Ravikumar K P , Dr.Sathishshet.(2021).Autonomous Driving Border Surveillance Robot. High Technology Letters 27(8),pp 203-211 [6] K. Damodhar, B. Vanathi and K. Shanmugam.(2016).A Surveillance Robot For Real Time Monitoring And Capturing Controlled Using Android Mobile . Middle- East J. Sci. Res. 24 (S1),pp 155-166 [7] JonathanGarcia,AliAlsuwaylih,SabriTosunoglu.(2015)SecurityPartolling Autonomous Robot.Presented at Florida Conference on Recent Advances in Robotics [8] Radhika P.Akshay Venkat, Gowtham. G, P. Athul, ((Jan. – Feb .2016). Design of Intelligent Autonomous Wheeled Robot Using Rf Transmission.IOSR- JECE.11(1),pp-40-50. [9] Dr.B.SubrahmanyeswaraRao,C.Soumya,G.ShamalaSiresh,M.Sushma, N.Sai Priyanka.(2016,April).PC Controlled Bomb Detection and Diffusion Robot.IJAREEIE.5(4),pp 2823-2826 [10] Priyanka D Balapure, Darshana N. Wagh, Prof. Bhushan S. Rakhonde.(2018March).Intelligent Robot for Surveillance. IRJET. 5(3),pp 1156-1161 [11] Anas f. Ahmed, Ruaa h. Ahmeed, Tamara z. Fadhil(2018,December) Design and Implementation Surveillance Robot Using ATmega328 Microcontroller. Iraqi Journal of Information Technology. VS N4. [12] Tarunpreet Kaur, Dilip Kumar(2015,December) Wireless Multifunctional Robot for Military Applications.Proceedings of 2015 RAECS UIET [13] Widodo Budiharto.(2015,May).Intelligent Surveillance Robot with Obstacle Avoidance Capabilities Using Neural Network. Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience Widodo Budiharto.
Authors Name – Monalisa Halder, Swarnava Halder, Anshit Mukherjee, and Ajit Kumar Meikap
Page: 8 – 13
DOI- https://doi.org/10.15864/ajac.21003
Abstract- Fossil fuels are a leading source of global warming pollution. Even the waste products are hazardous to public health and the environment. Considering the business cost and environmental concerns, the technology of ‘Bio-waste-to-Energy’ is recognized as an increasingly important renewable source of energy. Here we have produced potassium hydroxide (KOH) activated microporous carbon from tea wastage. We have fabricated flexible Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA: easily processable, cheap and eco-friendly polymer) based films using Activated Carbon (AC) as nanofiller with different weight percentage. Conductivity observation of the sample was done to study their prospect as the dielectric materials in energy storage, microwave absorption applications. Depending upon the results, we can apply the Activated Carbon (AC) based polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) dielectric film to make flexible, environmental friendly energy/storage devices, microwave absorbents.
Activated Carbon; Biowaste Material; Dielectric Characterisation; Energy Storage; Polymer Film; Tea Wastage.
[1] W.-K. Chen, Linear Networks and Systems. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 1993, pp. 123–135. [2] T. Adinaveen, J. J. Vijaya, L. J. Kennedy. Arab Journal of Science and Engineering 41 (1), 2016, pp.55-65. [3] C. Peng, X. B. Yan, R. T. Wang, J. W. Lang, Y. J. Ou, Q. J. Xue. Electrochimica Acta 87, 2013, 401 [4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_tea_culture [5] A. Sehemi, G. Abdullah, A. Ghamdi, A. Ahmed, Dishovsky, Nikolay, Nickolov, N. Radostin, Atanasov, T. Nikolay, L. T. Manoilova. Materials Research , 20 (5) 2017. [6] A. B. Bogeat, M. A. Franco, C. G. Fernández, A. G. Macías, V. S. Gómez. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2014,16, pp. 25161-25175 [7] R. Farma, M. Deraman, Awitdrus, I. A. Talib, R. Omar, J. G. Manjunatha, M. M. Ishak, N. H. Basri, B. N. M. Dolah. International Journal of Electrochemical Science 8, 2013, 257 [8] M. Halder, A. K. Das, A. K. Meikap. Materials Research Bulletin 104, 2018, pp. 179-187 [9] S. Khppmprtezaei, M. R. Golobostanfard, H. Abdizadeh. Conference Paper (2017) [10] V. Grillini, P. Verlicchi, G. Zanni. Water. 14(2) 2022, 243. [11] A. Lim, K. U. Tennakoon, L. Lim, S. Bandara. International Journal of Biophysics 2015, 510467. [12] A. Belay, K. Ture, M. Redi, A. Asfaw. Food Chemistry 108 (1), 2008, pp. 310-315. [13] I. V. Gala, J. J. L. Peflalver, J. R. Utrilla. International Journal of Chemistry 7 (1), 2015. [14] S. Nasir, M. Z. Hussein, Z. Zainal, N. A. Yusof, S. A. M. Zobir. MDPI Energies 11(12), 2018, 3410 [15] A. K. Jonscher. Nature 267, 1977 Nature pp. 673–679
Authors Name – Smita Kundu, Sumana Saha, Sayan Roy Chaudhuri, Suparna Biswas
Page: 14 – 17
DOI- https://doi.org/10.15864/ajac.21004
There are 8 billion people on the earth. Among them, there are 650 million people who have disabilities. Their disabilities are different. Among them, more helpless are those who cannot move for their disabilities. Besides them,some people have difficulties in mobility for the sake of their ages.For the past few decennary the automation of the wheelchair and its technical advancement has been the top most priority to the scientists and researchers. This unique and automated “Automated Wheel-Chair” can be the solution to the problems of those disabled peopleregarding their mobility. In the wheelchairobstacle detection is implemented using ultrasonic sensors, location tracking by GPS and many more. It provides the rider with a comfortable seat.The design of this wheelchair can provide the feature of self-control with the help of Infrared Sensor or IR sensor. The microcontroller (Arduino Uno) based circuitry design allows sending emergency messages to the mobile application of the user’s family through IoT technology.
Aged peoples ; Disability of movement ; IoT ; sensors ; Obstacle detection.
[1] Wheel Chair with Health Monitoring System Using IoT by Nayak, S. Gupta& Upasana in “International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology,2017, 4(5):1063-1067. [2] Wheel Chair with Smart Navigation System and Safety Features Vishvanath Chili. Mtech student of Embedded Systems, in KEC, JNTU, Ananthapur, India and Hari Hara Brahma, Assistant Professor in Department of ECE, KEC, JNTU, Ananthapur, India. [3] Design and Construction of a Smart Wheelchair by Deepak Kumara, ReetuMalhotra, S. R. Sharma. 9th World Engineering Education Forum, WEEF 2019. [4] Infrared Sensor Controlled Wheelchair for Physically Disabled People by Nadia Nowshin, Md Moontasir Rashid, Tasneema Akhtar and Nafisa Akhtar from American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB), Dhaka, Bangladesh. Available on www.researchgate.net/publication/328409071. [5] Designing Wheelchair using GPS module and its simulation by Jacky Bourgeois, Carlos Precioso, Dhaval Shah. Available on https://datacentricdesign.github.io. [6] Ultrasonic Tethering to Enable Side-by-Side Following for Powered Wheelchairs by Theja Ram Pingali, Edward D. Lemaire and Natalie Baddour. Available on www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. [7] JOYSTICK CONTROLLED WHEELCHAIR TrinayanSaharia, JyotikaBauri, Mrs. ChayanikaBhagabati. Published in International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), Volume: 04 Issue: 07 | July -2017. [8] Mobile Controlled Wheelchair by Roger Achkar, Gaby Abou Haidar, Hasan Dourgham, Dani Semaan, Hashem Araji. Available on www.researchgate.net/publication/281774186. [9] Design and development of an autonomous robotic wheelchair for medical mobility by Hartman, Gillberg, Lin, Nandikolla and V. K. in 2018 International Symposium on Medical Robotics (ISMR) (pp. 1-6), IEEE. [10] Smart wheelchair based on eye-tracking by Wanluk, Visitsattapongse, Juhong&Pintavirooj. In 2016 9th Biomedical Engineering International Conference ( BMEiCON) (pp. 1-4), IEEE. [11] Low-cost sensor network for obstacle avoidance in share-controlled smart wheelchairs under daily scenarios by Pu, Jiang, Xie, Chen, Liu, & Xu in 2018 in Microelectronics Reliability, 83: 180-186.
Authors Name – Anurag Ghosh, Arghya Mondal, Anik Mondal, Sucharita Bhattacharyya
Page: 18 – 21
DOI – https://doi.org/10.15864/ajac.21005
The journey of development of semiconductors following Moor’s law is a fascinating topic over past few decades which forms the basis of semiconductor industry globally. But participation of India in this development is not at all encouraging. In this work main focus is projected on the current status of India’s semiconductor industry, related issues and hurdles, the possibilities and the future projects with government intervention.
Moor’s Law; Semiconductor Industry; Projects in India; Government Intervention
Authors Name – Sneha Dey , Rishavi Sarkar, Abhirup Bhowmick, Nabaneeta Banerjee, Sreyasree Basu
Page: 22 – 26
DOI – https://doi.org/10.15864/ajac.21006
Now days, the automatic floor cleaning machines are mostly used to make our life comfort. The use of those automated machines are more acceptable in the markets with the advancement of technology but these are not very popular due to their complex design, high cost of machine and power tariff. A semi-automatic floor cleaning machine is proposed in this paper which is able to clean the floor effectively. This semi-automatic floor cleaning machine is designed for cost reduction and user friendly. The Arduino based semi-automated floor cleaner containing active bio enzyme based sanitization process is designed here which is very useful to improve our life style.
Semi-automatic floor cleaning machine, Arduino , Sanitizer mist sprayer , dry-wet cleaning , low cost and low efforts , easy fabrication technique.
[1]. M. Raveena Ishalavath, N. Sandhyashree, R. Rakshitha, A. Shankar, “Design and Development of an Automated bottom drawing Robot for Domestic operation”, International Journal Of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), Vol. 8, pp.1- 70, 2020. [2]. M. Khairudin, H. S. Pramono and A Asmara, “Development of Intelligent Floor drawing Robot”, Journal of Physics Conference Series (IOP Science) pp.01- 07, 2019. [3]. N. Saravanan, S. Sanjay, R. S. Sreenithiyanandan, T. Vimal Raj, “Fabrication of Floor Scrubber Machine”, International Journal Of Scientific & Technology Research, Vol. 9, pp.01- 03, 2020. [4]. Ladage, S. Jawanjal, D. Kamat, R. Majgaonkar, B. Kadam, “Semi-Automatic bottom drawing Machine”, International Journal of Design and Manufacturing Technology ( IJDMT), Vol. 8, pp.1- 7, 2017. [5]. Vishwash, D .Janardhan, V. Madhusudhan, Y. Prasad, “A Review on the Floor Cleaning Machines”, International Journal Of Innovative Research In Technology ( IJIRT), Vol. 8, pp.1- 4, 2022. [6]. Khade, “Multi-Use bottom drawing Machine”, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), Vol. 9, 2017. [7]. V. Bhute, P. Ladse, A. Ingle and N. Rane “Solar operated multifunctional bottom drawing machine”, International Journal of advances in Engineering and Management (IJAEM), vol. 2, pp 689- 692, 2016 [8]. Shah, R. Jadav, A. Malekar, H. Shah, C. Thakur, “Review Paper on Floor Cleaning Machine”, International Journal of Scientific Development and Research( IJSDR), Vol. 3, pp.01- 03, 2018. [9]. P. Ravikumar, K. Abirami, R. Anushiya, M. Elakkiyaand, P. R. Harshida, “Solar powered unmanned cleaning robot”, International journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT), vol. 9, 2020. [10]. Dhomne, R. Gajbhiye, A. Singh, P. Prajapati, S. Shende, S. Binzade, “Design and Fabrication of Manually Operated bottom drawing Machine’’, International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), Vol. 7, pp.01- 09, 2020. [11]. P. Mahesh, V. Deore, B. Chaudhari, P. Akshay, A. Mule, “Development In Floor Cleaner Machine”, International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), Vol. 6, pp.1- 4, 2019. [12]. Patel, B. Rana, N. Sharma, “Wireless Multi-Purpose Floor Cleaning Machine”, International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, Vol. 9, pp.1- 4, 2019.
Authors Name – Barnali Kundu, Susovan Dutta, Rikta Majumder, Ramanuj Bhowmick, Soumik Nandi
Page: 27 – 31
DOI- https://doi.org/10.15864/ajac.21007
Abstract – The automation of smart metering has gone to the quick high-tech advancements and also there is a high expanded demand for an authentic and flexible smart meter reading system. This project represents the proposed design of GSM based smart power monitoring system. An Arduino UNO & ACS712 Current sensor is integrated with GSM based smart power monitoring system for monitoring the power. As electrical energy has become indispensable to human survival and progress that’s why GSM based power monitoring system is a major step towards smart metering process. This paper focus on to create an automatic power monitoring meter. This system monitored the energy at anywhere without any person visiting the device. This system also assists us to identifying the losses of power to the electricity provider company.
Keywords – Energy Meter, Automatic-Meter-Reading (AMR), GSM, Arduino Uno, Current sensor.
Reference – [1] R. Rudra Nath & Saravanan Selvaraj (2020),“GSM Based Automatic Monitoring System for Efficient Power Management”, International journal of emerging trends & technology in computer science vol. 35 no.2, pp.91-95. [2] M.P Praveen (2011), “KSEB to introduce SMS Based fault maintenance system” The Hindu News on 26-06-2011. [3] Bharat P, Ananth N, Vijetha S, Jyothi Prakash K (2008), “Wireless Automated Digital Energy Meter”, ICSET 2008. [4] Amruta Chore, Prasad Mali, Dinesh Vyanjane, Vijay Karewar (2018)” IOT Based Smart Electricity Meter and Billing system”, IJERT Journal, vol -04, pp. 916-919. [5] Yogesh B Mandake, Abhishek Pandey, Mohit Sareen, Pratyush Prasoon, Rishav Raj, Ayush Agrawal (2020),”GSM Based Smart Energy Meter”, IJERT Journal vol- 04 no.- 03 pp. 1069-1069 [6] Moni Silviya,.Meena Vinodhini, Salai Thillai Thilagam.J (2014), “ GSM Based Automatic Energy Meter System with Instant Billing” , International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Energy, vol. 3, special Issue 3, pp.44-49.
Authors Name – Soumyadeep Ghosh, Soma Boral, and Arun Kumar Mondal
Page : 32 – 40
DOI – https://doi.org/10.15864/ajac.21008
Abstract – A global public health emergency coronavirus disease-19 (covid-19), is currently occurring. It is more difficult for new born whose parents are both working since they are unable to spend as much time with their children. It is an urgency to take them to the doctor's office when their infant becomes ill. Since there is no vaccine for children beyond the age of eleven, it is risky to bring them to hospitals and they need special care for their health. As a result of the COVID-19 epidemic, we have integrated this online video doctor consulting system in this paper's smart baby cradle system for infants, removing the requirement for them to visit a clinic for a check-up. So, we developed a method for online video health monitoring that enables clinicians to see patients.
Keywords – IoT, video conference system , online consultancy , web application , Smart Baby Cradle
Reference – [1] S. H. Kessler and S. S.-Weitmann, “Diseases and emotions: An automated content analysis of health narratives in inquiries to an online health consultation service,” Health Communication, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 226-235, 2021, doi: 10.1080/10410236.2019.1673950. [2] https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356414561_Online_medical_consultation_covid-19_system_using_software_object-oriented_approach [3] https://nevonprojects.com/e-healthcare-online-consultation-and-medical-subscription/ [4] https://www.freeprojectz.com/project-report/2363 ] Design and Development of Online Doctor appointment System, Md. Maharaz Hossain, Sharief Mohammad Zamshed [6] “SMART CRADLE SYSTEM” by Samuel Neeradi, Nikhil Thomas, Abhishek Kumar Singh, Meena Ugale; Volume: 08 Issue: 05, May 2021 [7] “Development of IoT Based Smart Baby Cradle” by Prof. A.B.Tupkar, Prajwal. Chahare, Shubham. Rade, Rushikesh. Wakade, Snehal. Bahirseth; Vol. 7, Issue 1, January 2020
Authors Name – Soumyadeep Ghosh, Mantsiz Zinath, and Surajit Basak
Page: 41 – 47
DOI – https://doi.org/10.15864/ajac.21009
Abstract – Urbanization is constantly amplifying and traffic in metropolises is getting massive every day. The population growth isn’t alone a pressing issue for the administration but a tangible day-to-day fact for uttermost nationals. Road traffic is the biggest difficulty that is being confronted as the number of automobiles in urban metropolises increases. Finding parking space in big metropolises is a constant challenge for motorists. Normally, the customer invests lot of time and effort looking for available vacant space in a designated parking zone. In this paper, we approached a solution to this challenge of finding vacant spaces in parking spaces. We present an automated parking system where the available space in the parking one is to be notified to the user through the mobile application which reduces the searching time. Radio Frequency Identification technologies are being applied to avoid motor vehicle thievery. Accordingly, parking issues and traffic slowdown can be worked out by utilizing smart parking using IoT technology.
Keywords – Automated parking ; internet of things ; mobile application ; radio frequency identification
Reference-
Authors Name – Srishty Saha , Sagnick Das, Soumaydeep Das, Goutam K. Das
Page : 48 – 57
DOI – https://doi.org/10.15864/ajac.21010
Abstract – Flexible antennas are one of the majorly used transceiver devices in modern day technologies. Due to its flexible nature it can be used ranging from healthcare industry to automobile industry, and many more. Study and analysis on flexible antennas have unveiled new dimensions in communication network and allied domains. Compact, lightweight, flexible materials make sure that the antenna can be used along with any existing electronics of any required shapes. Mainly the polymers, textiles and papers are being used as antenna substrates to incorporate flexibility. In recent times, flexible antennas are analysed vastly for futuristic bio-implantable antennas. Along with the flexible dielectric materials, conducting flexi materials are also investigated to replace the radiating portion of the antenna. A detailed review on flexible antennas by comparing on the basis of materials used and the applications, may find some interesting alternatives of the conventional applications. Also, this review work shall unearth the possibility of new fan outs of futuristic approaches.
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Editors and Affiliations
Dr. Goutam Kumar Das
Techno India University, West Bengal, India
Dr. Barnali Kundu
Guru Nanak Institute of Technology, Kolkata, India
Dr. Ahmed J. Obaid
University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq